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Linux

October 12th, 2009
KDE 4 Current version: 4.4 Older versions: 4.0...
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Linux is an Open source operating system that widely use by many user. Linux known as open source operating system that means you can download all the source code and write your own. By using open source technic or copy left, linux by itself becoming more and more famous. Many people around the world helping each other to make linux a better operating system.

Until now linux development is still going on. We can see so many linux variant each one has their own power to their users. For example many student rely their PC on linux since the cost of operating system license is too expensive. Many company start migrating their systems to Linux environment as it is more stable and cheaper.

Organization use Linux as Server operating systems, desktop and many more. For network systems we use to protect network by using it as firewall and proxy server, and we also use it for bandwidth management so we can manage users bandwidth while accessing internet.

Linux is also been use as email server and database server, it’s cheap and reliable. Many major company rely their business on Linux system as it fast and cheap. Organization gain more benefit while moving their system to linux. For office productivty there is open office application that can be used to boost users productivity so they can keep productive as while they are using other Operating system.

Priyo Wibowo | IT Consultant

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Should You Buy Anti-virus Software Or Get a Free Version?

October 12th, 2009

Which is more beneficial to you buy anti virus software or downloading the free version online? Computers have become so important in so many parts of our personal and professional life that it is very important to safeguard the data stored in them against viruses which are designed to destroy or steal it. Many people got this kind of attack everyday so it is important for you to protect your data.

However, many people take this very lightly and never think twice about the damage that can be caused by such viruses. So thinking that they are saving money they go for free online downloads of antivirus applications. What they do not realize is that even these free antivirus downloads might be spam or can inject virus into the system that may harm your computer network systems.

Those free versions that are not malicious in their intent may however be very ineffective in detecting and destroying viruses. Much antivirus freeware is outdated and not powerful enough to fight the virus or remove it fully from the system. Most of them can not help you to create a secure network.

Keeping this in mind many software companies are trying to cash in on the demand for a good antivirus software. So they introduce antivirus software which is powerful enough to fight any form of virus and it also provided one year free upgrade after which time the user can update the virus for a small additional fee. This software is normally moderately priced you can buy anti virus at ($25 – $65) and can provide a complete solution for your systems security and safeguard the data from virus threats.

When you become a paid customer of an antivirus program you are entitled to certain special benefits which you are devoid of when you download free antivirus software.  You will need to pay for customer support, possible after a short period of free support, but the most serious disadvantage is that the software is not automatically updated regularly. This prevents it being effective against new viruses which come on coming day after day.

Whereas when you buy anti virus software the software company is responsible for all your queries related to the software and it’s functioning. As the competition among the antivirus software companies increases more are offering increasing functionality (i.e. antiadware, privacy features etc) and better value. Free 24/7 live support is also becoming offered by some of the big players. Moreover the software that you buy will entitle you for a free upgrades for at least one year and after that you need to pay only a small fee to upgrade and continue using the software.

Therefore many benefits are experienced when a user buy anti virus software. Now, this may come as no surprise but it is all too common for people to pay more in the long term by taking the cheap short term option. Even if you already had a firewall you still need to buy anti virus to protects your network systems.

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Beginners Guide – Secure Network

October 9th, 2009
An illustration of how a firewall works.
Image via Wikipedia

Secure network is vitally important for most network systems. Whilst email viruses and denial-of-service attacks (DoS attack) may cause us headaches on our home systems, for businesses, these sorts of attacks can cripple a network for days – costing businesses hundreds of millions each year in lost revenue. Not to mention corporate legitimate to clients.

Creating secure network to prevent this type of malicious attack is usually of paramount importance for network administrators, and while most invest heavily in some forms of security measures there is often vulnerabilities inadvertently left exposed. As we always heard that security is as secure as the weakest link.

Firewalls are the best place to begin when you are trying to develop a secure network. A firewall can be implemented in either hardware or software, or most commonly a combination of both. Firewalls are used to prevent unauthorized users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially local intranets. All traffic entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified criteria. If the packet do not meet security criteria then the system will not allowed those packets entering network system.

Anti-virus software works in two ways. Firstly it acts similarly to a firewall by blocking anything that is identified in its database as possibly malicious (viruses, Trojans, spyware etc). Secondly Anti-virus software is used to detect, and remove existing malware on a network systems or workstation.

One of the most over-looked aspects of secure network is time synchronization. Network administrators either fail to realise the importance of synchronization between all devices on a network or the system simply don’t work. Failing to synchronize a network is often a common security issue. Not only can malicious users take advantage of computers running at different times but if a network is struck by an attack, identifying and rectifying the problem can be near impossible if every device is running on a different time.

Even when a network administrator is aware of the importance of time synchronization they often make a common security mistake when attempting to synchronize their network. Instead of investing in a dedicated time server that receives a secure source of UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) externally from their network using atomic clock sources like GPS, some network administrators opt to use a shortcut and use a source of Internet time.

There are two major security issues in using the Internet as a time server. Firstly, to allow the time code through the network a UDP port (123) has to be left open in the firewall. This can be taken advantage of by malicious users who can use this open port as an entrance to the network system. Secondly, the inbuilt security measure used by the time protocol NTP, known as authentication, doesn’t work across the Internet which means that NTP has no guarantee the time signal is coming from where it is supposed to.

To ensure that you have a secure network, isn’t it time you invested in an external dedicated NTP time server?

Priyo Wibowo | MCP

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Secure Wireless Network

October 5th, 2009
Linksys WAP54G 802.
Image via Wikipedia

Having the ability to go wireless in your home or at the office is a great feature to have. Not only is it the freedom to be mobile, but also leaving your house wired free, and not having to route cables through drilled walls, shows another area where wireless is too good to miss out on. The freedom to roam your house from room to room, or even sit under the palm tree of your garden on a hot sunny day, proves there’s no going back from wireless network. However, because of the nature of the technology, wireless has a number of security issues we must be aware of And you will learn how to secure wireless network.

A neighbour, hacker or someone just by your home can easily detect your wireless network signals and attempt to connect to your wireless access point. This is because wireless network systems uses radio frequency and data travels through the air, though they do not need physical access to your router. This is where the security concern comes from.

So let’s get to the point. How bad could it be not secure wireless network?

The common stressing points we hear everyday regarding wireless security is the ability that an evil doer can easily sniff data, coming and going to your wireless access point. Also they will have the ability to use your router to browse the web just as you do… using your bandwidth.

It doesn’t really sound that bad… Does it?

Well how about if your neighbours or anyone on the street outside your home were using your wireless access point and taking part in illegal downloads, visiting illegal websites and generally using the web for criminal activity. Who do you think would get the blame? When you have the FBI busting through your door, and you’re quick to think your children are not as innocent as they claim to be, it may be a mountain for you to climb out of at this point.

The illegal downloads and criminal activity that was occurring from the next house on, was all under your ID. They were using your access point which from the ISP point of view was coming from your home. This is what happened when you are not securing your wireless network.

To add to this, in a couple of months time when your bank statement arrives through the door showing you spent £3000 on a new TV, as well as purchasing a set of Golf clubs, it may just all be too late by then. A hacker could have easily sat outside your home and sniffed your bank details or any other confidential details you may have used when online, all from the comfort of their car or home.  All they need is a wireless laptop to do this, and sit within a range of your wireless network router, in other words somewhere outside your house!

Now this also goes for businesses with wireless access points as well and not just for home users. In fact it is so much more crucial for businesses because a hacker can break into their network via the access point, hacking into company confidential data!

Therefore secure wireless network today is crucial for all the reasons above. Identity theft today is on the rise, and hackers will go the distance looking for insecure wireless access points. For this reason you should take the time and ensure you have a secure wireless network.

Priyo Wibowo | MCP

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Wireless Network Routers

October 4th, 2009
Example of a Single Point of Failure
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Wireless networks have become very popular in these day’s market with the continuing increase in technology. A major concern with wireless networks is in fact to secure wireless network. Securing wireless networks has become more and more important with the increase in the number of users of wireless networks. It is now simple for the average individual to set up a wireless network system at home or at the office. These network systems may be within the range of many other potential network intruders with the technology to detect and access the systems.

There are several things you can do towards securing wireless networks. It is common however for many to leave out these steps and just start using the network system. The little time it takes to use these security features is time well spent and can be considered to be great preventative measures in protecting your system. The trouble can be encountered if your network system is not secure can lead to much more expensive and time wastage. e.g data leakage, virus, trojan etc.

One of the first steps in securing wireless networks is the changing of the administrative password for the router. This is important as most default passwords are common standards such as password and can be easily broken into. This password protects your router from unauthorized access and can prevent the unauthorized changing of your settings. The next tip for securing your wireless network is not to broadcast the name of your network systems. The majority of wireless network routers do this and this makes life easier for clients as they can locate the network without having to know the name but this is also an easy way for intruders to detect your network. It is therefore advisable to turn off the service set identifier for your system. And you can limited users accessing your network by registering their devices so you can control who is accessing your network systems.

There are normally two encryption types for the wireless network systems. These are WEP and WPA encryptions. The WEP encryption is not as strong as the WPA system and this means that the WPA is the better choice. This system provides protection that is easier to use and that is harder to crack than the WEP system. The WPA system is now found built in to many operating systems and all modems for wireless systems. This is a great step towards securing wireless networks.

Another action towards securing wireless networks is the reduction of the wireless network routers transmitter power. This has the overall effect of a reduction in the power and range of your signal. It is very difficult to adjust the signal precisely so there is no leakage outside of the required range but with trial and error it is possible to determine approximately how far the signal is leaking and to make adjustments accordingly. This greatly minimizes the opportunity for outsiders to intrude on your network. The disabling of remote administration is also another action that can be taken towards the security of the network.

So, when you setup a wireless network routers, keep in mind who gonna access your wireless network, how to secure your wireless network and don’t forget to change the password, setup encryption and registering who can access your wireless network router.

Priyo Wibowo | MCP

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The Broad Categories of Computer Network systems

October 3rd, 2009

Talking about computer network systems could give a heart attack to such people. However, it is not as scary as it may sound. For some people, the computer itself could be a scary topic, considering the fact around how complicated the machine is.

Computer network systems could be understood by separating the two words in the term. A “computer” as we know is a complex machine that helps us to process information. “Network” refers to linking or connecting. Hence computer network would simply mean getting two or more computers connected. When we say the word “connected” in this reference, we mean that one computer could be accessed through the other. This connection can be done by using wire or wireless devices e.g wireless network.

Broadly speaking there are two ways of connecting two or more computers. The first one is called the wired network and the other one is called the wireless network. Both of these are huge subjects to study and understand. However, in layman’s language it could be said that when two or more computers are connected through wires it’s called the wired network. And when they are connected without the wires through wireless router, it is known as wireless network. As the wired networks are limited to the area wherein the wire web is installed, similarly the wireless has range limitations. For wireless network we should consider how many devices will access the network. The number of machines that are on a network would ensure the speed of the network. More machines in a network would mean a slow network.

The various computer network systems could be – Personal Area Network; Local Area Network; Campus Area Network; Metropolitan Area Network; Wide Area Network; Global Network and most importantly internet, intranet or the extranet. The names are given to the network depending upon the arena they have. Like for example the campus area would mean the machines that are in a given physically limited campus are connected through the computer networking. This could be wired or wireless networking.

Internet could be understood as a global network systems. Since Internet connected many network system all over the world. By using network system we can connected to other people in the other side of the planet.

Priyo Wibowo | Asido Jaya

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Networking with Windows Vista

October 1st, 2009
Transcend USB flash drive
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Windows Vista includes new features that make networking easier, safer, and more reliable. Whether used at home or in a small business or large enterprise, Windows Vista simplifies connectivity so you can focus on what’s most important. Connect wirelessly to your company’s network, share printers and a high-speed Internet connection, copy files between PCs, and enjoy your favorite online entertainment at home.

Network and Sharing Center

The Network and Sharing Center puts you in control of your network. Use it to check your connection status, view a visual representation of your network, and troubleshoot connection problems. The Network and Sharing Center informs you about the network systems your computer is connected to and verifies whether it can successfully access the Internet. It even summarizes this information in a handy Network Map.

Connectivity

Windows Vista streamlines the process of connecting to networks and enables you to connect to any type of network—local wireless networks, corporate networks through a virtual private network (VPN), a remote access server (RAS), or a dial-up connection—all in one easy-to-find place.N This view of connectivity options is just one click away from the Start menu.

Wireless networking is also more secure, with enhanced support for the latest wireless security protocols, including Wi-Fi Protected Access 2, or WPA2. To improve the overall experience, rather than showing multiple pop-up notifications, Windows Vista shows a system tray on the lower right side of the screen with a single icon that indicates when a wireless network is available. Windows Vista also provides an easy way to create direct PC-to-PC wireless connections to enable sharing and peer-to-peer programs, even when you’re not connected to the Internet.

Review all connectivity options.

Network Explorer

You can browse content on any connected computer and device, just as you’d browse folders on your PC. You can also print to any connected printer. The new Network Explorer in Windows Vista makes it easy to do all of this. It presents a view of all computers, devices, and printers on a network (including those not yet fully configured for the network)—and it’s significantly faster and more reliable than My Network Places in Windows XP.

The Network Explorer can even show custom, representative icons for different devices, as specified by a device manufacturer. You can directly interact with selected devices—for example, to adjust settings or control music playback.

Explore a network with ease.

Network Map

When you’ve connected multiple wired and wireless computers and devices, it can be difficult to grasp exactly how they’re connected. A new feature called the Network Map shows an easy-to-understand graphical view of everything on the network and how it is all connected. This helps you optimize your network for the best performance and easily locate any problems.

A visual representation of your connections.

Network Setup

With Windows Vista, setting up a network among multiple PCs and devices such as printers, music players, and game systems is simpler and more intuitive. The Network Setup Wizard easily and automatically identifies supported network devices, and the connections it forges are more secure.

With Windows Connect Now you can save network settings to a portable universal serial bus (USB) flash drive to speed and simplify the process of adding more supported PCs and devices to the network. Simply insert a USB flash drive into a PC or device, and it automatically reads the data and readies itself to join the network.

File and printer sharing is also easily enabled on every networked PC right from the Network Setup Wizard so you can share documents, pictures, music, and other files across your network.

Network Awareness

A feature called Network Awareness notifies supported applications of changes in a PC’s network connectivity. As you switch between different networks, programs that support Network Awareness can modify your PC settings for each one. For example, when you switch from your home network to a wireless network at your neighborhood coffee shop, your firewall settings can change to prevent other patrons from seeing or accessing your computer and your shared files.

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How to Wireless Network

September 28th, 2009
A single schema of wireless network
Image via Wikipedia
How to wireless network is something I need to share for all of you. In these days, many people working on the move, wether they are marketing, sales or business owner. for those mobile users wireless device is the only option device they have to do their jobs while away from the office. Sometimes these professional bring their work at home too, so they need network systems of their own.For those who’s not familiar with IT think setup a network installation could be a daunting task as they don’t know where to start and what todo. So for people who don’t know anything about technology could start from making some checklist about their needs. First list all you need from network systems, such as printer sharing, file sharing, gamings for kids and even internet sharing. After your list complete look again to see what is important to your goals. Then you need to create another list of peripheral that you need to connect it to your wireless network.

Now based on the list you make we can look what kind of peripheral you have that compatibel with your network design. From here you can measure how much money you need to spend on building your wireless network. After you create your budget then you may look some brands that suits your needs and off course you need to consider about compatibiliy issue for your hardware since you need to grow your wireless network as you update your devices.

For wireless network installation you can follow instruction on manual that comes with your hardware just look on how to. Wireless network is the simplest network systems to set up by your own. But if you feel confused and need some advice, contacting a network installer professional is your only option as these professionals has the ability to run network installation and also can advice you to choose the best network you need within your budget.

Priyo Wibowo | MCP, MCSA, MCTS, MCT, CCDA

Asido Jaya

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Network Installer

September 28th, 2009
Quad boot Macbook
Image by foskarulla via Flickr

Before you working with network installer, you need first decide what network installation you will have. You need to decide how big is your network and what devices that will connect to network and how network will benefit your business. Below you will learn some network types.

Network types

First of all, a network allows you to have multiple computers connected to the same internet connection, share files between the computers in your home, print documents through a printer that is connected to a different computer, and share files that are stored on other computers. It seems like a dream come true, doesn’t it? But what is the best type of network for you? You have to make the decision of whether or not you want a wireless network or a wired network. If you choose wireless, you have to know how to set it up so that all of the computers can talk wirelessly to the network router. If not all of the computers are wireless capable, then you may have to move to a wired network. With a wired network you have to worry about running wire throughout your home or investing in upgrades for your computers to make them wireless.

You also have to know what type of activities you and your family are going to be doing on all of the computers. This is because you want to invest in a router that can handle the load. If the router cannot handle the load, then you’re going to have computers within your home getting booted off of the network.

Recently people you wireless network because it’s easy to install and easy to maintain rather than wired network. most common topology people use is star topology, with wireless technology you can connect your mobile devices to your network systems. With wireless technology you don’t need to bother about cabling when your network grow.

Network installation

The network installation part can be either easy or complicated. It depends on how you look at it. You have to have an internet connection and you have to know your network type. You also have to know what computers in your home are wireless capable and which are not in case you choose to do the upgrades instead of installing wire throughout your home. If you’re setting up a wireless network then you need a network installer, the easiest way to connect is if you have Windows Connect Technology through your Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 2000, or Windows 98/ME. Then again, you could be running a different operating system, which can make setting up your network a bit more difficult than if you were running on a Windows operating system.

An alternative

Then again, you could probably save yourself a lot of headaches by hiring a professional to take care of the network installation process. A professional will do an assessment to determine what type of equipment you need to give you a network that is complete. If any of your computers need what is called a network adapter to become wireless capable, the installer can help you with that. Once all of the equipment is determined and acquired, the network installer can then run wire or set up your wireless network for you. You’ll be connected in no time and the only thing you have to do is reach in your wallet. Fortunately, home network installation is not an expensive endeavor and it takes a lot off of your mind. You don’t want to buy all of the wrong equipment, hook it up, and then find nothing works. If you’re not sure, turn to a professional so that you know everything is right.

Priyo Wibowo

Asido Jaya

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Wireless network

August 25th, 2009
A diagram showing a possible WI-FI network.
Image via Wikipedia
Wireless network
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is wireless, and is commonly associated with a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires.[1] Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or “layer” of the network.
Types
Wireless PAN
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is a type of wireless network that interconnects devices within a relatively small area, generally within reach of a person. For example, Bluetooth provides a WPAN for interconnecting a headset to a laptop. ZigBee also supports WPAN applications.[3]
Wireless LAN
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a wireless alternative to a computer Local Area Network (LAN) that uses radio instead of wires to transmit data back and forth between computers in a small area such as a home, office, or school. Wireless LANs are standardized under the IEEE 802.11 series.
Screenshots of Wi-Fi Network connections in Microsoft Windows. Figure 1, left, shows that not all networks are encrypted (locked unless you have the code, or key), which means anyone in range can access them. Figures 2 and 3, middle and right, however, show that many networks are encrypted.
* Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is a commonly used wireless network in computer systems to enable connection to the internet or other devices that have Wi-Fi functionalities. Wi-Fi networks broadcast radio waves that can be picked up by Wi-Fi receivers attached to different computers or mobile phones.
* Fixed Wireless Data: This implements point to point links between computers or networks at two locations, often using dedicated microwave or laser beams over line of sight paths. It is often used in cities to connect networks in two or more buildings without physically wiring the buildings together
Wireless MAN
Wireless Metropolitan area networks are a type of wireless network that connects several Wireless LANs.
* WiMAX is the term used to refer to wireless MANs and is covered in IEEE 802.16d/802.16e.
Mobile devices networks
In recent decades with the development of smart phones, cellular telephone networks have been used to carry computer data in addition to telephone conversations:
* Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system, the base station system, and the operation and support system. The cell phone connects to the base system station which then connects to the operation and support station; it then connects to the switching station where the call is transferred to where it needs to go. GSM is the most common standard and is used for a majority of cell phones.[4]
* Personal Communications Service (PCS): PCS is a radio band that can be used by mobile phones in North America and South Asia. Sprint happened to be the first service to set up a PCS.
* D-AMPS: D-AMPS, which stands for Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service, is an upgraded version of AMPS but it is being phased out due to advancement in technology. The newer GSM networks are replacing the older system.
Uses
An embedded RouterBoard 112 with U.FL-RSMA pigtail and R52 mini PCI Wi-Fi card widely used by wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) in the Czech Republic.
Wireless networks have had a significant impact on the world as far back as World War II. Through the use of wireless networks, information could be sent overseas or behind enemy lines easily, efficiently and more reliably. Since then, wireless networks have continued to develop and their uses have grown significantly. Cellular phones are part of huge wireless network systems. People use these phones daily to communicate with one another. Sending information overseas is possible through wireless network systems using satellites and other signals to communicate across the world. Emergency services such as the police department utilize wireless networks to communicate important information quickly. People and businesses use wireless networks to send and share data quickly whether it be in a small office building or across the world.[5]
Another important use for wireless networks is as an inexpensive and rapid way to be connected to the Internet in countries and regions where the telecom infrastructure is poor or there is a lack of resources, as in most developing countries.
Compatibility issues also arise when dealing with wireless networks. Different components not made by the same company may not work together, or might require extra work to fix these issues. Wireless networks are typically slower than those that are directly connected through an Ethernet cable.
A wireless network is more vulnerable, because anyone can try to break into a network broadcasting a signal. Many networks offer WEP – Wired Equivalent Privacy – security systems which have been found to be vulnerable to intrusion. Though WEP does block some intruders, the security problems have caused some businesses to stick with wired networks until security can be improved. Another type of security for wireless networks is WPA – Wi-Fi Protected Access. WPA provides more security to wireless networks than a WEP security set up. The use of firewalls will help with security breaches which can help to fix security problems in some wireless networks that are more vulnerable.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is wireless, and is commonly associated with a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires.[1] Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or “layer” of the network.

Types

Wireless PAN

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is a type of wireless network that interconnects devices within a relatively small area, generally within reach of a person. For example, Bluetooth provides a WPAN for interconnecting a headset to a laptop. ZigBee also supports WPAN applications.[3]

Wireless LAN

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a wireless alternative to a computer Local Area Network (LAN) that uses radio instead of wires to transmit data back and forth between computers in a small area such as a home, office, or school. Wireless LANs are standardized under the IEEE 802.11 series.

Screenshots of Wi-Fi Network connections in Microsoft Windows. Figure 1, left, shows that not all networks are encrypted (locked unless you have the code, or key), which means anyone in range can access them. Figures 2 and 3, middle and right, however, show that many networks are encrypted.

* Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi is a commonly used wireless network in computer systems to enable connection to the internet or other devices that have Wi-Fi functionalities. Wi-Fi networks broadcast radio waves that can be picked up by Wi-Fi receivers attached to different computers or mobile phones.

* Fixed Wireless Data: This implements point to point links between computers or networks at two locations, often using dedicated microwave or laser beams over line of sight paths. It is often used in cities to connect networks in two or more buildings without physically wiring the buildings together

Wireless MAN

Wireless Metropolitan area networks are a type of wireless network that connects several Wireless LANs.

* WiMAX is the term used to refer to wireless MANs and is covered in IEEE 802.16d/802.16e.

Mobile devices networks

In recent decades with the development of smart phones, cellular telephone networks have been used to carry computer data in addition to telephone conversations:

* Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system, the base station system, and the operation and support system. The cell phone connects to the base system station which then connects to the operation and support station; it then connects to the switching station where the call is transferred to where it needs to go. GSM is the most common standard and is used for a majority of cell phones.[4]

* Personal Communications Service (PCS): PCS is a radio band that can be used by mobile phones in North America and South Asia. Sprint happened to be the first service to set up a PCS.

* D-AMPS: D-AMPS, which stands for Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service, is an upgraded version of AMPS but it is being phased out due to advancement in technology. The newer GSM networks are replacing the older system.

Uses

An embedded RouterBoard 112 with U.FL-RSMA pigtail and R52 mini PCI Wi-Fi card widely used by wireless Internet service providers (WISPs) in the Czech Republic.

Wireless networks have had a significant impact on the world as far back as World War II. Through the use of wireless networks, information could be sent overseas or behind enemy lines easily, efficiently and more reliably. Since then, wireless networks have continued to develop and their uses have grown significantly. Cellular phones are part of huge wireless network systems. People use these phones daily to communicate with one another. Sending information overseas is possible through wireless network systems using satellites and other signals to communicate across the world. Emergency services such as the police department utilize wireless networks to communicate important information quickly. People and businesses use wireless networks to send and share data quickly whether it be in a small office building or across the world.[5]

Another important use for wireless networks is as an inexpensive and rapid way to be connected to the Internet in countries and regions where the telecom infrastructure is poor or there is a lack of resources, as in most developing countries.

Compatibility issues also arise when dealing with wireless networks. Different components not made by the same company may not work together, or might require extra work to fix these issues. Wireless networks are typically slower than those that are directly connected through an Ethernet cable.

A wireless network is more vulnerable, because anyone can try to break into a network broadcasting a signal. Many networks offer WEP – Wired Equivalent Privacy – security systems which have been found to be vulnerable to intrusion. Though WEP does block some intruders, the security problems have caused some businesses to stick with wired networks until security can be improved. Another type of security for wireless networks is WPA – Wi-Fi Protected Access. WPA provides more security to wireless networks than a WEP security set up. The use of firewalls will help with security breaches which can help to fix security problems in some wireless networks that are more vulnerable.

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